Calcium

 

Gestational diabetes

Pregnancy diabetes is a glucose tolerance disorder, or a real diabetes disease, that appears or is diagnosed for the first time during pregnancy.

Six weeks after childbirth, the woman's condition must be determined again according to one of the following categories:

• Diabetes.
• Impaired fasting glucose - IFG.
• Impaired glucose tolerance - IGT.

In pregnancy sugar as in cases of type 2 diabetes, insulin secretion alone is unable to overcome insulin resistance, making it appear generally in the second and third thirds of the pregnancy.

Symptoms of gestational diabetes

The vast majority of women with pregnancy diabetes show no symptoms of the disease, some of whom may be noticed as follows:

• The thirst is great.
• Hunger is higher than usual.
• The need to pee too much.

Causes and factors of risk of gestational diabetes

The following are the main causes and risk factors for gestational diabetes.

1. Cause of gestational diabetes

The following are the main causes and risk factors for gestational diabetes.

Hormonal changes that make glucose difficult to tolerate occur in pregnancy. Pregnancy in a woman's body creates a physiological strain that leads to high stress hormones, adrenaline and cortisol, both of which work to a certain degree in all humans.

In cases of distress, their excretion increases, so the degree of glucose in the blood increases, among other hormones that raise blood sugar. Glucagon, which is secreted from the pancreas, is found, in addition to hormones for pregnancy and dispersed from the placenta.

These hormones raise the degree of glucose (Hyperglycemia) in the blood and contradict insulin activity.

Some researchers at Helsinki University Hospital evaluated 391 women who had given birth between 1984 and 1994 at a university hospital, where they had developed gestational diabetes.

2. Risk factors

The following are the most important risk factors:

• Women who are infected with pregnancy diabetes are older.
• Overweight women.
• Women who have previously suffered from pregnancy diabetes.
• There's a problem with ovarian conditioning in the patient.
• Having a family history of diabetes.

Complications of pregnancy diabetes

Developing pregnancy diabetes during pregnancy exposes pregnant women and their cheeks to possible risks.

Among the most important complications of diabetes that appear late in pregnancy:

• Birth of a child with gigantism (Large for Gestational age - LGA).
• Polyhydramnios.
• The child has Hyaline Membrane Disease.
• Cesarean section.
• Hypertension is chronic in the mother.
• Increased risk of diabetes in the mother in the future.

There is no excessive risk of deformities, because the fetal organs complete their development at the end of the first trimester of pregnancy, before the onset of pregnancy diabetes.

Diagnosis of pregnancy diabetes

Diagnosis is done by examining glucose tolerance (GCT - Glucose Challenge Test).

Before undergoing a preservation examination for at least three days, a high-carbohydrate nutrition (Carbohydrate), where it is more than 150 grams per day, should be abstained from smoking and physical effort.

Sugar concentration is checked before drinking glucose, after one hour, two hours and three hours after drinking 100 grams of sugar.

Two anomalous examinations are required to define the situation as pregnancy diabetes.

Glucose's natural maximum values are:

• When fasting: 95 milligrams/dL.
• After hour: 180 milligrams/dL.
• Two hours later: 155 mg/dL.
• After three hours: 140 mg/dL.

Treatment of gestational diabetes

Treatment from the moment of diagnosis depends on nutrition for low-sugar pregnancies available.

If the desired sugar scores that appear in the cumulative sugar examination (HbA1c) are not reached, which is less than 6% then insulin must be added, as it is the only drug approved today to lower the pregnancy sugar scores.

Prevention of pregnancy diabetes

One of the most important methods of preventing gestational diabetes is:

• The pregnant woman is keen to stay in an active condition.
• Eat healthy food.
• Overweight loss.