Calcium

 

Anemia

Anemia is a medical condition characterized by insufficient amount of red blood cells that transfer oxygen to tissue.

There are several types of anemia, each of which has a special case, and may be a temporary condition or a continuing medical condition depending on the severity of the condition.

Important information on anemia

Anemia is defined as a drop in one or more measurements related to red blood pellets, which include what comes:

• Hemoglobin concentration: It is known as the amount of hemoglobin baseline carrying oxygen gas in the blood.
• Hematocrit: a blood deposit or percentage of the size of red blood cells of the total volume of blood.
• Census of red blood pellets: the number of red blood pellets present in a given volume of blood.

Types of blood cells

There are three different types of blood cells, including what comes:

• Leukocytes: These cells help protect the body from infection.
• Thrombocyte: These cells help to coagulate the blood after bleeding.
• Erythrocytes: These cells carry oxygen from the lungs to vital organs of the body and other tissues.

Important information about hemoglobin blood

Important information about hemoglobin blood comes from:

• Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, an iron-rich red protein.
• Hemoglobin helps to transfer oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body and to transfer carbon dioxide from the body to the lungs, so that it can be taken out of the body in the exhaling process.
• Most blood cells, including red blood cells, are consistently produced in pure bone marrow (Bone marrow), a red-colored spongiform found within the body's large bone cavities.
• In order to produce hemoglobin and red blood cells, the body needs iron and other minerals, vitamins and proteins that are available in human food, as well as some hormones, most notably erythropoietin (EPO), which are excreted by the kidneys in order to produce red blood cells.
• It should be noted that the life rate of the red blood cell is 110 to 120 days.
• When humans suffer from anemia, their bodies do not produce enough red blood cells, but they waste many or damage them more quickly than they can produce new blood cells.

Different values of anemia tests between males and females

Anemia is defined according to the values of blood tests, which differ between males and females, as follows:

• Males: less than 13.5 g/dL of hemoglobin concentration, values less than 41% of hematocrit.
• Females: values below 12 g/dL for hemoglobin concentration, and values below 36% of hematocrit.

Different hemoglobin values

There are some special categories that have different natural hemoglobin values from the rest of humans for genetic, genetic or lifestyle reasons. These include:

• Smokers

Smokers are known to have higher hematocrit values than non-smokers, making it difficult to detect anemia; Because it doesn't appear during laboratory tests.

• People of the Highlands

People living high above sea level have higher hemoglobin values than those living near sea surface rise.

• African Americans

People of African descent have lower hemoglobin values of 0.5 - 1.0 g/dL than globally recognized values.

• Athletes

Athletes have natural hemoglobin values different from universally recognized natural values.

Symptoms of anemia

Symptoms of anemia are related to the severity of the patient's condition, the extent to which the disease develops, and the extent to which the patient needs oxygen.

Symptoms of anemia usually appear if the development of the disease is very rapid, but if its development is slow, no symptoms can appear; Because the body is used to the new position.

Symptoms of anemia vary depending on the cause, and can include what comes:

• Tiredness.
• Pale skin.
• Fast and irregular heart palpitations.
• Shortness of breath.
• Chest pains.
• Dizziness.
• Changes in cognitive state.
• Cold hands and feet.
• Headache.
• Myocardial infarction.

Causes and factors of anemia risk

The causes of anaemia and risk factors can be explained through the following:

1. Causes of anemia

Anemia types can be divided depending on their causes as follows:

• Anaemia caused by iron deficiency

Iron deficiency anemia is one of the most common types of anemia, affecting approximately 2% - 3% of the US adult population.

The cause of this type of anaemia is that the bone marrow needs iron for the production of hemoglobin, and in the absence of good quantities of it this may cause a shortage of red blood cell production.

• Vitamin Deficiency Anemia

​ The body needs many vitamins, such as Folic acid, Vitamin B12, to produce enough red blood cells.

A non-integrated diet may reduce red blood cell production, as there are some people whose body is unable to absorb vitamin B12 effectively.

• Chronic illness

Anaemia occurs due to many chronic diseases, such as Cancer, AIDS, Gout, Crohn's disease, some chronic inflammatory diseases and kidney failure.

• Aplastic anemia

Aplastic anaemia is a rare type of anaemia, but it poses a risk to life, usually as a result of the reduced ability of the bone marrow to produce all types of blood cells.

The cause of aplastic anaemia is still unknown in most cases, but there is a belief that it has to do with diseases affecting the functioning of the immune system.

• Anaemia caused by bone marrow disease

There are many diseases, such as Leukemia, myelodysplasia, which can lead to anemia and affect the bone marrow, as they can cause a decrease or complete cessation in red blood cell production.

• Hemolysis

This type of anemia occurs when red blood cells are rapidly damaged beyond the ability of the bone marrow to produce new blood cells.

• Some Diseases

There are some diseases that may cause significant damage to red blood cells, such as: immune system disorders that cause antibodies to red blood cells to be produced and prematurely damaged.

• Sickle cell anemia

Sickle cell anaemia is transmitted by inheritance and in most cases affects people of African descent, usually as a result of hemoglobin imbalance that causes sickle cell red blood, thus dying prematurely.

2. Risk factors for anaemia

Risk factors for anaemia include:

• Malnutrition

Most often the diet for many does not contain sufficient amounts of iron and other vitamins such as folic acid, which increases the risk of anemia.

• Illnesses and bowel disorders

​ Some bowel disorders such as Crohn's disease and abdominal disease may affect the absorption of food and vitamins containing what may cause deficiencies thereby causing anemia.

• Menstrual cycle

Women in the fertility period are the most likely to develop anaemia caused by iron indigence compared to men, because women lose quantities of blood during menstruation.

• Pregnancy

A pregnant woman is highly susceptible to iron anaemia due to the fetus's need for iron and hemoglobin for its growth and development.

• Genetic Factors

Anaemia is sometimes genetically transmitted if a family member is infected with a genetically transmitted type of anaemia, such as cases of sickle cell anaemia.

Complications of anemia

If anaemia is not treated, it can lead to many side complications, such as what comes:

• Excessive fatigue: Where the patient feels so tired that it prevents him from carrying out his simple daily duties, as it can be difficult for him to play or work.
• Heart problems: Anemia may cause acceleration in the heartbeat so as to compensate for hypoxia in the blood, and may sometimes cause heart failure.
• Nerve damage: Vitamin B12 is necessary for the proper functioning of nerves.
• Changes in cognitive state: vitamin B12 deficiency affects brain action.
• Death: sickle cell causes serious medical complications, and the loss of large amounts of blood over a short period of time leads to anemia that can be fatal.

Diagnosis of anemia

Anemia can be diagnosed by knowing a patient's medical history, conducting a thorough physical examination, and blood tests including a comprehensive blood count test (Complete blood count), where many observations must be taken into account, as follows:

• The normal values of red blood cells in an adult range from 38.8% to 50% in males, and from 34.9% to 44.5% in females.
• Normal human hemoglobin values range from 13.5 - 17.5 grams per deciliter in males, and 12 - 15.5 grams per deciliter in females.
• Blood cell examination is done to see the size, shape and color of it.
• Doing these tests helps to reach an accurate diagnosis. In iron deficiency anaemia, red blood cells are smaller and pale than usual, and in vitamin deficiency anaemia red blood cells are larger and fewer than usual.

Treatment of anemia

The treatment of anemia depends on the causator where it can be as it comes:

• Treatment of iron deficiency anaemia: Anaemia of this type is treated in most cases by taking iron supplements.
• Treatment of anemia caused by vitamin deficiency: This type is treated by injections containing vitamin B12.
• Treatment of anaemia associated with chronic diseases: There is no specific treatment for this type of anaemia.
• Treatment of aplastic anemia: anemia of this type is treated with intravenous blood administration; To raise the amount of red blood cells in the body.
• Treatment of anemia caused by bone marrow disease: This type of anemia is treated through chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation.
• Treatment of anemia caused by hemolysis: Treatment of this condition involves taking inhibitory drugs for the immune system that attacks red blood cells.
• Treatment of sickle cell anaemia: Treatment of anaemia of this type includes monitoring and monitoring the body's oxygen levels, and taking painkillers.

Prevention of anemia

Sometimes anemia can be prevented by what comes:

• Eat foods containing necessary vitamins, such as iron, folic acid, vitamin B12, and vitamin C.
• Regular eating of iron-rich foods, especially in certain groups, such as children, pregnant women and vegans.
• Conducting general blood tests once in several years according to the family doctor's recommendations to check and avoid anemia.